The Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) is a species of penguin common along the entire Antarctic coast. They are one of the most southerly distributed of all seabirds, such as the Emperor Penguin, South Polar Skua, Wilson's Storm Petrel, Snow Petrel that, and Antarctic Petrel. In 1840, French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville their name to his wife, Adele.
The Adelie Penguin is one of three species in the genus Pygoscelis. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence indicates the genus split from other penguins around 38 million years ago, about 2 million years after the ancestors of the genus Aptenodytes. In turn, the Adelie penguin isolate themselves from other members of the genus around 19 million years ago.
There Adelie penguin colony 38, and there are more than 5 million Adélies in the Ross Sea region. Ross Island supports a colony around half a million Adélies. The Adelie penguins breed from October to February on shore around the Antarctic continent. Adélies rough stone nests. Two eggs are laid, it was incubated for 32 to 34 days by parents taking turns (shift typically lasts 12 days). The chicks remain in the nest for 22 days before joining Creches. The mabung chick to feather their youth and went to sea after 50 to 60 days. Adelie penguins live in groups called colonies.
This secondary penguin, be 46-75 cm (18 to 30 in) long and 3.6 to 6 kg (7.9 to 13 lb) weight is a distinctive sign of a white ring around the eyes. And feathers at the base of the bill. Long feathers hide a red bill. The tail is a little longer than other penguin tail. Appearance looks a bit like a tuxedo. They are slightly smaller than other penguin species. Their appearance closest to the stereotypical image of penguins as most black with a white belly.
Adelie penguins can swim up to 45 miles per hour (72 km / h).
Adelie penguins are preyed on by leopard seals, Skua, and sometimes, Orcas.
Like all penguins, Adelie highly social, foraging and nesting in groups. They are also very aggressive to other penguin stealing stones from their nest.
Specific behavior they documented extensively by Apsley Cherry-Garrard (who survived the journey Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated end to the South Pole) in his book The Worst Journey in the world. Cherry-Garrard notes: "They are extraordinarily like children, these little people of the Antarctic world, either like children or like an old man, full of their own importance." Specific display their selfishness commented by George Murray Levick, Royal Navy Lieutenant-Surgeon and scientist also accompanied Scott on his ill-fated British Antarctic Expedition 1910, during his study penguins in Antarctica: "At the place where they are most often in, long terrace ice around six meters in height ran for some hundreds of meters along the water's edge, and here, just as the sea ice, many will stand near the brink. When they have successfully drive one of their ends, all will shoot out their necks to the side, and when they see peaceful outpost in the water, the rest followed. "
Observe how the intrigue penguin can also put them in danger, that Scott include specific disorder:
"The big problem with was due to the stupid behavior of penguins. Groups were constantly jumping to our floe. From the moment they landed at the feet of all those attitudes reveal curiosity devoured and pig-headed disregard for the safety of their own. they waddle-swing forward, hitting their heads to and fro in the way they usually do not make sense, even series howling dog trying to get them. "! Hulloa "they seem to say," this game - what all the silly things you want? "And they come a few steps closer. Dogs make hasty harnesses or leashes as far as possible. The penguins are not daunted in a bit, but their ruffs go up and they Squawk with angry equation.
This attitude regularly cause deaths of Adelie penguins, "Then the measures taken and developed fatal end they come within range of spring There, a grunt, horrid red patch in the snow, and the incident was closed .." Others on a mission to the South Pole is more receptive intrigue element Adélies' Cherry-Garrard.:
"Meares and Dimitri do dog-teams out on larger floes when we detained for a long time. One day a ship bound team, and they seem penguin and rushed from far off. Dogs into a panic with joy when it came to them: it should be the salutation, and their hard bark and the more they strained at their ropes, the faster it rushes to meet them. were very angry with the men who go and save him from a very sudden end, clinging trousers with its beak, and pretend to be dead beat dry bones with his flipper. "
This is the occurrence of some of the rules, "That's not unusual sights to see Adelie penguins standing in a few inches smaller than dogs nose almost panic with desire and passion."
Because of their stubbornness Cherry-Garrard personality holds in the case of a large bird, "Whatever penguins do not have individuality, and it is revealing all his life for all to see. He can not fly away. And because he weird in all the he did, but still more because it is fighting against a greater resistance than other birds, and fought bravely always cite the most gallant pluck.
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